Portal realizado por una psicooncóloga venezolana (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2008). Amante del aprendizaje continuo y enamorada de Madrid. Luchadora constante y con muchos sueños por cumplir. Para consultas: 0412-3036009 Correo: liana_perez_rodriguez@hotmail.com
jueves, 16 de mayo de 2013
LA HIGIENE DEL SUEÑO
sábado, 23 de junio de 2012
SUPERAR UN TRAUMA
Clasificado en: Bitácora del día
jueves, 7 de junio de 2012
lunes, 30 de abril de 2012
Afrontar una enfermedad
- Expresar las emociones: El miedo, rabia, tristeza, incertidumbre y culpabilidad son emociones que pueden estar presentes, mantenerlas dentro de nosotros no sirve de nada, pero hablar acerca de ellas nos ayuda a identificarlas, aceptarlas y superarlas. También escribirlas en un diario puede ser de utilidad.
- Evaluar los pensamientos: El estado de ánimo van a depender de cómo pensamos e interpretamos los acontecimientos. El diálogo con nosotros mismo puede ayudar a desahogarnos, pero también nos ayuda a modular nuestros pensamientos y ajustarnos a la situación. Ante una situación difícil decirnos: “lo superaré, ya lo he resuelto otra veces, cada vez son más eficaces los tratamientos”, va a tener un impacto emocional diferente a si nos dejamos llevar por el fatalismo.
- No te compares: Cada uno de nosotros tendrá una manera de afrontar y vivir el duelo por la pérdida de la salud, reaccionar ante los efectos secundarios del tratamiento y sus secuelas. Compararnos puede generar mayor culpa, por lo que es necesario darnos el tiempo necesario para digerir los sucesos.
- Realiza actividades gratificantes: Mantener presente cuales son las actividades que disfrutamos según nuestros valores, si es importante para nosotros pasar tiempo con nosotros mismos, la familia y amigos, no olvidarlo, ya que la enfermedad no es la única área de nuestra vida y ello facilitará nuestro bienestar tanto emocional como físico.
- Consulte las dudas con su médico: Para ayudar a promover en usted una mayor sensación de control con respecto a la situación actual, realice una lista de preguntas antes de asistir a la consulta médica. Trate de que esas preguntas sean cortas y directas, y de ser necesario tome notas durante la entrevista.
- Promueva cambios en su estilo de vida: Cuidar la alimentación, realizar ejercicio físico de manera regular, no fumar ni beber alcohol en exceso, esto ayuda a controlar el estrés.
- Regular la ansiedad: Hay situaciones que salen fuera de nuestro control, pero el identificarlas y regular nuestras emociones puede promover un afrontamiento más eficaz: Detecta la situación, define que puedes hacer para solucionarla y actúa.
- Mantener contacto con los otros: Pedir apoyo cuando lo necesitemos a nuestros familiares y amigos; y mantener abierta la posibilidad de solicitar ayuda psicológica cuando sea necesario.
miércoles, 14 de marzo de 2012
El curador herido
Es de importancia generar un proceso de auto-reflexión en el transcurso del camino de la ayuda a otros. Nosotros quienes estamos inmersos en esta profesión, aunque no sólo los psicólogos sino también los médicos, enfermeras, trabajadores sociales, docentes hospitalarios y todo personal que se encuentre laborando con y para quienes se encuentran en situaciones de enfermedad e incapacidad tanto física como emocional, que les toca transitar por ese duro momento vital al cual es posible que a todos nos toque de alguna manera vivir.
En esta búsqueda de respuestas, me he encontrado con variados textos que humanizan la relación de ayuda y en lugar de menospreciar nuestra propia vulnerabilidad, la integran dentro de un proceso de autoconocimiento.
Así, Brusco (1999) señala acerca de nuestras heridas, “que es el precio inevitable pagado a la existencia en un ambiente vulnerable, mientras que la curación es el proceso necesario de la vida que se renueva. El arquetipo del curador herido comporta que, ante una persona que sufre, los terapeutas del cuerpo, de la psique y del espíritu no sólo deben activar su poder de curación, sino tomar conciencia también de sus propias heridas y comprometerse en un proceso de auto-terapia.”
De esta manera, nuestras heridas pueden servirnos para tomar conciencia de la propia finitud, limitaciones y también para elaborar duelos, rupturas. Como señala Jaime Sanz Ortiz, la biografía de todos está plagada de una cantidad de pérdidas, que nos recuerdan la precariedad y provisionalidad de todo vínculo y de toda realidad.
Los duelos, las pérdidas, las limitaciones están presentes para todos y de alguna manera transformar ello en una enseñanza vital es tarea fundamental de quienes se aproximan a otros en condiciones adversas.
Este arquetipo o figura presente en el inconsciente colectivo y aparece en múltiples pasajes antiguos que sin importar nuestra creencia religiosa, podemos tomar como imagen propia.
Así tenemos el arquetipo de Quirón:
Quirón fue médico y cirujano. Sabía de música, del arte de la guerra, la caza y la moral. Es el padre de Hippo y de Thea.
Hippo vaticinó que su padre, renunciaría a su condición divina de inmortal; dicha profecía se cumplió cuando, Hércules durante la batalla en contra de los otros centauros, accidentalmente hirió a Quirón, que estaba de parte de él, pero como las flechas estaban envenenadas con la sangre de Hidra no había antídoto, aunque Quirón trató de curar su herida no le fue posible.
La herida era muy dolorosa y no podía curársela, a pesar de que Quirón era un gran sanador. El problema era que no podía morir a causa de su herida porque era inmortal; pero tampoco podía curarse. Sufría mucho porque nadie podía sanarle la herida y no podía morir, no tenía ni siquiera la esperanza de que algún día cesase su dolor con el descanso de la muerte.
Condenado a un dolor eterno. Él podía haberse amargado haciendo aún más penoso su dolor; también podía haberse entretenido con inútiles lamentaciones o dirigir su dolor y su rabia a los demás; pero no hizo eso sino que su dolor le hizo más sabio aún, le hizo aprender mucho más sobre la naturaleza del dolor, y eso le convirtió en el más grande de los sanadores de la mitología. Entonces Hércules se propuso encontrar a la Muert para liberarle. Así, encontró a Prometeo, un Titán encadenado al Cáucaso por Zeures. Cada día, un águila devoraría su hígado, que luego volvería a crecer, así hasta que alguien se apiadase de él y aceptase morir en su lugar. Quirón tomó su lugar, muriendo y liberano a Prometeo. Como recompensa por su trayectoria, Zeus colocó a Quirón en los cielos como la constelación de Sagitario.
También, el libro de Isaías presenta al siervo de Yahvé como aquel que salva a la humanidad a través de sus pr3,3). Sobre la base de estos datos, Jung habla del sanador herido como un arquetipo, es decir, una potencialidad innata de comportamiento presente en el hombre, constituida por dos polos: la herida y la curación.
Nosotros sólo al darnos cuenta de nuestras propias heridas podemos activar nuestra dimensión de curación, tanto en un proceso interno como de ayuda a quienes lo solicitan. Al trabajar las despedidas, la soledad, limitaciones espirituales, físicas y emocionales, podremos identificarlas en el otro y apreciar el ritmo de cada quien para ser curado, lo cual ayuda a respetar y a comprender de manera empática e incondicional.
El mito de Ícaro, que hace alusión al deseo de superación que engendramos cada uno de nosotros en nuestros corazones, también nos recuerda esto:
Ícaro es su búsqueda de libertad corría muchos riesgos, más allá de sus propias limitaciones. Si él volaba muy bajo, la espuma del mar podría mojar sus alas y sería incapaz de volar nuevamente, y si lo hacía demasiado alto, el calor del sol derretiría la cera que mantenía unida sus alas y caería. Y a pesar de las advertencias de su padre Dédalo, él ascendió demasiado alto, sin ajustar los objetivos a sus recursos y limitaciones.
Para una buena práctica en la relación de ayuda es necesaria la autorreflexión, evitar el bloqueo emocional de nuestra propia oscuridad, sino trabajar en la misma para convertirla en luz para nosotros mismos y para los otros.
Bibliografía:
Brusco, A. (1999) Humanización de la asistencia al enfermo. Editorial Sal Terrae.
Bermejo, C. (2009) Acompañamiento espiritual
domingo, 11 de marzo de 2012
Ser positivos ante la adversidad
Película sumamente recomendada, basada en hechos reales sobre un aristócrata herido en un accidente y un joven de los suburbios de París que le devuelve las ganas de vivir.
domingo, 22 de enero de 2012
martes, 10 de mayo de 2011
La Ansiedad
De esta manera, esta respuesta al estrés en sí misma no es nociva, pero sin embargo, cuando los síntomas ansiosos se vuelven excesivos y difíciles de controlar, pueden llegar al punto de interferir seriamente en nuestras actividades diarias (trabajo, vida social, de pareja, etc.). En este caso estamos en presencia de un cuadro de “ansiedad patológica”, que suele necesitar tratamiento médico y psicológico para su resolución.
En la ansiedad encontramos síntomas a cuatro niveles:
1.- Cognitivo: miedo, irritabilidad, agobio, insomnio, etc…
2.- Motor: temblor, tensión muscular, etc…
3.- Vegetativo: palpitaciones, sudoración, nauseas, etc.
4.- Conductual: evitación de determinadas situaciones o soportar la situación sin hacer nada.
Al hablar de ansiedad, no solo debemos tomar en cuenta el estímulo que la genera, sino también otras variables personales, con respecto a la emisión de respuestas inadecuadas ante la situación de demanda, por:
1. Bien porque no se posee de un repertorio de estrategias,
2. Bien porque estas estrategias son inhibidas por las emociones,
3. Bien porque existen obstáculos en la emisión de estas conductas,
4. Bien porque aún disponiendo de las estrategias, no las ponemos en marcha en el momento adecuado.
De esta manera, presentamos un cuadro resumen con la finalidad de diferenciar los tipos de ansiedad:
| Ansiedad Normal | Ansiedad Patológica | |
| Características generales | Episodios poco frecuentes. Intensidad leve o media. Duración limitada. | Episodios repetidos. Intensidad alta. Duración prolongada. |
| Situación o estímulo causante | Reacción esperable y común a la de otras personas. | Reacción desproporcionada. |
| Grado de sufrimiento | Limitado y transitorio | Alto y duradero |
| Grado de interferencia en la vida cotidiana. | Ausente o ligero | Profundo. |
Es importante entender la ansiedad como un sentimiento normal ante determinadas situaciones y que solo cuando sobrepasa ciertos límites o la capacidad adaptativa del individuo es cuando se convierte en patológica.
La situación de enfermedad, las hospitalizaciones, las intervenciones quirúrgicas; así como determinados problemas de la vida diaria, generan en la persona un estado de ansiedad.
La ansiedad con respecto a condiciones médicas, puede influir en los siguientes aspectos:
1. Interfiriendo en el curso de la enfermedad (en su curso, desarrollo, agravamiento o en la recuperación),
2. Interfiriendo en el tratamiento médico,
3. Incrementando respuestas que afectan negativamente el estado de salud (fumar, consumir alcohol, disminuir práctica de ejercicio),
4. Siendo un factor de riesgo adicional para la salud (por ejemplo, enfermedades cardiovasculares).
De forma general, las técnicas y recursos psicológicos que se expondrán tiene como finalidad, proveer recursos para hacer frente a las situaciones que nos generan ansiedad, entrenando en habilidades que nos permitan manejarla adecuadamente.
Entre las técnicas para manejar la ansiedad tenemos:
1.- Relajación muscular progresiva.
2.- Respiración abdominal lenta.
3.- Terapia por visualización.
Dra. Liana Pérez
martes, 22 de marzo de 2011
Asociación Civil El Aula de Los Sueños: Más sitios recomendados
sábado, 5 de marzo de 2011
Coping with Grief and Loss: Support for Grieving and Bereavement
Coping with Grief and Loss
Support for Grieving and Bereavement
Losing someone or something you love is very painful. After a significant loss, you may experience all kinds of difficult and surprising emotions, such as shock, anger, and guilt. Sometimes it may feel like the sadness will never let up. While these feelings can be frightening and overwhelming, they are normal reactions to loss. Accepting them as part of the grieving process and allowing yourself to feel what you feel is necessary for healing.
There is no right or wrong way to grieve — but there are healthy ways to cope with the pain. You can get through it! Grief that is expressed and experienced has a potential for healing that eventually can strengthen and enrich life.
In This Article:
What is grief?
Grief is a natural response to loss. It’s the emotional suffering you feel when something or someone you love is taken away. You may associate grief with the death of a loved one – and this type of loss does often cause the most intense grief. But any loss can cause grief, including:
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The more significant the loss, the more intense the grief. However, even subtle losses can lead to grief. For example, you might experience grief after moving away from home, graduating from college, changing jobs, selling your family home, or retiring from a career you loved.
Everyone grieves differently
Grieving is a personal and highly individual experience. How you grieve depends on many factors, including your personality and coping style, your life experience, your faith, and the nature of the loss. The grieving process takes time. Healing happens gradually; it can’t be forced or hurried – and there is no “normal” timetable for grieving. Some people start to feel better in weeks or months. For others, the grieving process is measured in years. Whatever your grief experience, it’s important to be patient with yourself and allow the process to naturally unfold.
Myths and Facts About Grief
MYTH: The pain will go away faster if you ignore it.
Fact: Trying to ignore your pain or keep it from surfacing will only make it worse in the long run. For real healing it is necessary to face your grief and actively deal with it.
MYTH: It’s important to be “be strong” in the face of loss.
Fact: Feeling sad, frightened, or lonely is a normal reaction to loss. Crying doesn’t mean you are weak. You don’t need to “protect” your family or friends by putting on a brave front. Showing your true feelings can help them and you.
MYTH: If you don’t cry, it means you aren’t sorry about the loss.
Fact: Crying is a normal response to sadness, but it’s not the only one. Those who don’t cry may feel the pain just as deeply as others. They may simply have other ways of showing it.
MYTH: Grief should last about a year.
Fact: There is no right or wrong time frame for grieving. How long it takes can differ from person to person.
Source: Center for Grief and Healing
Are there stages of grief?
In 1969, psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross introduced what became known as the “five stages of grief.” These stages of grief were based on her studies of the feelings of patients facing terminal illness, but many people have generalized them to other types of negative life changes and losses, such as the death of a loved one or a break-up.
The five stages of grief:
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Denial: “This can’t be happening to me.”
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Anger: “Why is this happening? Who is to blame?”
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Bargaining: “Make this not happen, and in return I will ____.”
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Depression: “I’m too sad to do anything.”
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Acceptance: “I’m at peace with what happened.”
If you are experiencing any of these emotions following a loss, it may help to know that your reaction is natural and that you’ll heal in time. However, not everyone who is grieving goes through all of these stages – and that’s okay. Contrary to popular belief, you do not have to go through each stage in order to heal. In fact, some people resolve their grief without going through any of these stages. And if you do go through these stages of grief, you probably won’t experience them in a neat, sequential order, so don’t worry about what you “should” be feeling or which stage you’re supposed to be in.
Kübler-Ross herself never intended for these stages to be a rigid framework that applies to everyone who mourns. In her last book before her death in 2004, she said of the five stages of grief, “They were never meant to help tuck messy emotions into neat packages. They are responses to loss that many people have, but there is not a typical response to loss, as there is no typical loss. Our grieving is as individual as our lives.”
Grief is a roller coaster, not a series of stages
It is best not to think of grief as a series of stages. Rather, we might think of the grieving process as a roller coaster, full of ups and downs, highs and lows. Like many roller coasters, the ride tends to be rougher in the beginning, the lows may be deeper and longer. The difficult periods should become less intense and shorter as time goes by, but it takes time to work through a loss. Even years after a loss, especially at special events such as a family wedding or the birth of a child, we may still experience a strong sense of grief.
Source: Hospice Foundation of America
Common symptoms of grief
While loss affects people in different ways, many people experience the following symptoms when they’re grieving. Just remember that almost anything that you experience in the early stages of grief is normal – including feeling like you’re going crazy, feeling like you’re in a bad dream, or questioning your religious beliefs.
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Shock and disbelief – Right after a loss, it can be hard to accept what happened. You may feel numb, have trouble believing that the loss really happened, or even deny the truth. If someone you love has died, you may keep expecting them to show up, even though you know they’re gone.
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Sadness – Profound sadness is probably the most universally experienced symptom of grief. You may have feelings of emptiness, despair, yearning, or deep loneliness. You may also cry a lot or feel emotionally unstable.
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Guilt – You may regret or feel guilty about things you did or didn’t say or do. You may also feel guilty about certain feelings (e.g. feeling relieved when the person died after a long, difficult illness). After a death, you may even feel guilty for not doing something to prevent the death, even if there was nothing more you could have done.
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Anger – Even if the loss was nobody’s fault, you may feel angry and resentful. If you lost a loved one, you may be angry at yourself, God, the doctors, or even the person who died for abandoning you. You may feel the need to blame someone for the injustice that was done to you.
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Fear – A significant loss can trigger a host of worries and fears. You may feel anxious, helpless, or insecure. You may even have panic attacks. The death of a loved one can trigger fears about your own mortality, of facing life without that person, or the responsibilities you now face alone.
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Physical symptoms – We often think of grief as a strictly emotional process, but grief often involves physical problems, including fatigue, nausea, lowered immunity, weight loss or weight gain, aches and pains, and insomnia.
Coping with grief and loss tip 1: Get support
The single most important factor in healing from loss is having the support of other people. Even if you aren’t comfortable talking about your feelings under normal circumstances, it’s important to express them when you’re grieving. Sharing your loss makes the burden of grief easier to carry. Wherever the support comes from, accept it and do not grieve alone. Connecting to others will help you heal.
Finding support after a loss
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Turn to friends and family members – Now is the time to lean on the people who care about you, even if you take pride in being strong and self-sufficient. Draw loved ones close, rather than avoiding them, and accept the assistance that’s offered. Oftentimes, people want to help but don’t know how, so tell them what you need – whether it’s a shoulder to cry on or help with funeral arrangements.
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Draw comfort from your faith – If you follow a religious tradition, embrace the comfort its mourning rituals can provide. Spiritual activities that are meaningful to you – such as praying, meditating, or going to church – can offer solace. If you’re questioning your faith in the wake of the loss, talk to a clergy member or others in your religious community.
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Join a support group – Grief can feel very lonely, even when you have loved ones around. Sharing your sorrow with others who have experienced similar losses can help. To find a bereavement support group in your area, contact local hospitals, hospices, funeral homes, and counseling centers.
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Talk to a therapist or grief counselor – If your grief feels like too much to bear, call a mental health professional with experience in grief counseling. An experienced therapist can help you work through intense emotions and overcome obstacles to your grieving.
How to support a grieving person
If someone you care about has suffered a loss, you can help them heal by asking about their feelings, spending time just being with them, and listening when they want to talk.
Coping with grief and loss tip 2: Take care of yourself
When you’re grieving, it’s more important than ever to take care of yourself. The stress of a major loss can quickly deplete your energy and emotional reserves. Looking after your physical and emotional needs will help you get through this difficult time.
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Face your feelings. You can try to suppress your grief, but you can’t avoid it forever. In order to heal, you have to acknowledge the pain. Trying to avoid feelings of sadness and loss only prolongs the grieving process. Unresolved grief can also lead to complications such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and health problems.
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Express your feelings in a tangible or creative way. Write about your loss in a journal. If you’ve lost a loved one, write a letter saying the things you never got to say; make a scrapbook or photo album celebrating the person’s life; or get involved in a cause or organization that was important to him or her.
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Look after your physical health. The mind and body are connected. When you feel good physically, you’ll also feel better emotionally. Combat stress and fatigue by getting enough sleep, eating right, and exercising. Don’t use alcohol or drugs to numb the pain of grief or lift your mood artificially.
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Don’t let anyone tell you how to feel, and don’t tell yourself how to feel either. Your grief is your own, and no one else can tell you when it’s time to “move on” or “get over it.” Let yourself feel whatever you feel without embarrassment or judgment. It’s okay to be angry, to yell at the heavens, to cry or not to cry. It’s also okay to laugh, to find moments of joy, and to let go when you’re ready.
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Plan ahead for grief “triggers”. Anniversaries, holidays, and milestones can reawaken memories and feelings. Be prepared for an emotional wallop, and know that it’s completely normal. If you’re sharing a holiday or lifecycle event with other relatives, talk to them ahead of time about their expectations and agree on strategies to honor the person you loved.
When grief doesn’t go away
It’s normal to feel sad, numb, or angry following a loss. But as time passes, these emotions should become less intense as you accept the loss and start to move forward. If you aren’t feeling better over time, or your grief is getting worse, it may be a sign that your grief has developed into a more serious problem, such as complicated grief or major depression.
Complicated grief
The sadness of losing someone you love never goes away completely, but it shouldn’t remain center stage. If the pain of the loss is so constant and severe that it keeps you from resuming your life, you may be suffering from a condition known as complicated grief. Complicated grief is like being stuck in an intense state of mourning. You may have trouble accepting the death long after it has occurred or be so preoccupied with the person who died that it disrupts your daily routine and undermines your other relationships.
Symptoms of complicated grief include:
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The difference between grief and depression
Distinguishing between grief and clinical depression isn’t always easy, since they share many symptoms. However, there are ways to tell the difference. Remember, grief is a roller coaster. It involves a wide variety of emotions and a mix of good and bad days. Even when you’re in the middle of the grieving process, you will have moments of pleasure or happiness. With depression, on the other hand, the feelings of emptiness and despair are constant.
Other symptoms that suggest depression, not just grief:
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To learn more about the signs and symptoms of clinical depression, see Understanding Depression.
Can antidepressants help grief?
As a general rule, normal grief does not warrant the use of antidepressants. While medication may relieve some of the symptoms of grief, it cannot treat the cause, which is the loss itself. Furthermore, by numbing the pain that must be worked through eventually, antidepressants delay the mourning process.
When to seek professional help for grief
If you recognize any of the above symptoms of complicated grief or clinical depression, talk to a mental health professional right away. Left untreated, complicated grief and depression can lead to significant emotional damage, life-threatening health problems, and even suicide. But treatment can help you get better.
Contact a grief counselor or professional therapist if you:
- Feel like life isn’t worth living
- Wish you had died with your loved one
- Blame yourself for the loss or for failing to prevent it
- Feel numb and disconnected from others for more than a few weeks
- Are having difficulty trusting others since your loss
- Are unable to perform your normal daily activities
Related articles
Supporting a Grieving Person
Helping Others Through Grief, Loss, and Bereavement
Understanding Depression
Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Help
More Helpguide Articles:
- Healing Emotional and Psychological Trauma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery
- Coping with a Breakup or Divorce: Moving on After a Relationship Ends
- Grieving the Loss of a Pet: Understanding and Coping with the Grief of Losing a Pet
- Improving Emotional Health: Strategies and Tips for Good Mental Health
Need More Help?
Bring Your Life Into Balance: Emotional Skills Toolkit
Feeling overwhelmed by sadness, anger, loneliness, guilt, or other painful emotions? This toolkit can help you get through the grieving process and regain your emotional balance. Go to Toolkit »
Related links for coping with grief and loss
General information about grief and loss
The Grieving Process – Provides helpful handouts on the grieving process, including the stages of grief, how to take care of yourself, and the different ways people react to loss. (Hospice of the North Shore)
Life after Loss: Dealing with Grief – Guide to coping with grief and loss, including normal grief reactions to expect. (University of Texas Counseling and Mental Health Center)
Grief Support – Provides insights into grieving and the grief process. A companion page contains detailed information about children’s grief. (Australian Centre for Grief and Bereavement)
Death and Grief – Article for teens on how to cope with grief and loss. Includes tips for dealing with the pain and taking care of yourself during the grieving process. (Nemours Foundation)
Death of a loved one
Grief: Coping With Reminders After a Loss – Tips for coping with the grief that can resurface even years after you’ve lost a loved one. (Mayo Clinic)
Healing Steps – Advice on how to heal after the death of a loved one, including the rituals that can help and things you can do to keep memories alive. (California Home Care & Hospice, Inc.)
On Being Alone: A Guide for the Newly Widowed – A comprehensive series of articles on grief and loss offering practical, as well as psychological advice. (AARP)
Support for grief and loss
GriefNet.org – Online support community for people dealing with grief, death, and major loss, with over fifty monitored support groups for both kids and adults.
Compassionate Friends - National, self-help organization for those grieving the loss of a child. Includes a Chapter Locator and supportive online brochures on various aspects of grief.
Stages of grief
The Kübler-Ross grief cycle – Details each stage as it applies to persons facing death or other negative life change. Note that the cycle as presented includes seven stages, including initial shock. (ChangingMinds.org)
What is Grief? – Lays out general stages of grief with tips for helping someone who is grieving. (University of Illinois Counseling Center)
Complicated grief and depression
Major Depression and Complicated Grief – Lists the warning signs and symptoms that suggest grief has progressed to major depression or complicated grief. (American Cancer Society)
Complicated Grief – Learn the difference between the normal grief reaction and complicated grief. Includes information about symptoms, risk factors, and treatment. (Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide)
Grief after suicide
Grief after Suicide - Survivors of suicide and their friends can help each other and themselves by gaining an understanding of grief after suicide. (Canadian Mental Health Association)
Grief after Suicide Understanding your emotions, as well as suicide in general, may ease your grieving after suicide. (Buddha Dharma Education Association)
Melinda Smith, M.A., Ellen Jaffe–Gill, M.A., and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D., contributed to this article. Last modified: November 2010
sábado, 26 de febrero de 2011
Finding Balance as a Cancer Caregiver
Finding Balance as a Cancer Caregiver
by Steve Keir, DrHP, MPH
We can only estimate the number of familial cancer caregivers in the United States, as there is no formal system designed to capture this data. However, we do know the number of people living with a history of cancer. If each person living with cancer had just one caregiver, a conservative estimate would approximate that there are at least 10.5 million people who have either provided care or continue to provide care for a loved one with cancer.
As caregivers provide physical and emotional support, they often put their lives on hold and do not fully attend to their own needs. In addition, most caregivers undertake this difficult task with little or no formal training, leaving them tremendously unprepared for this complicated and multifaceted role. As a result, caregivers often experience what is called caregiver stress at some point in the caregiving trajectory. To date, numerous studies have documented that caregiver stress can negatively affect one’s physical and psychological health.
Dr. Steve Keir
When Is Stress Not Good for Us?
Stress is the physical and/or psychological response that occurs whenever one must adapt to changing conditions, whether those conditions be real or perceived, positive or negative. Although everyone has stress in their lives, people respond to stress in very different ways. Stress is commonly perceived to be bad when, in fact, there are two very different types of stress: eustress, which is defined as pleasant or health-giving stress, and distress, which is defined as an unpleasant or disease-producing stress. Eustress, or “good stress,” can be thought of as providing you with an extra burst of energy to perform at your best, while distress, or “bad stress,” can drain your energy and impair your ability to perform well. Providing care to a loved one with cancer can produce both types of stress, so it is important to understand what triggers these different types of stress for you as a caregiver. Here are some signs of bad stress that you should watch out for:
- changes in eating or sleeping patterns
- becoming emotionally strained
- decline in physical health
- feeling tired or lacking energy
- feeling depressed, lonely, or isolated
- becoming easily distracted, experiencing problems concentrating, or forgetfulness
- changes in your behaviors and responses, including being easily irritated, angered, or saddened.
Self-Care Strategies for Caregivers
Providing care for a loved one can be a physically and emotionally draining experience, but as a caregiver, you need to remember that you are important, too. By taking care of yourself, you will be better able to handle the everchanging demands of caregiving. The following are tips to help reduce or address caregiver stress through self-care:
- Stay physically fit and eat a balanced diet.
- Try to get enough sleep and rest.
- Consult your doctor, maintain regular check-ups, and inform your healthcare providers of your role as a caregiver.
- Stay in touch with friends and family; social activities can help you feel connected and may reduce stress.
- Take time out for yourself, either to relax or to take part in hobbies.
- Look to faith or community groups for support and assistance.
- Join a local or online support group.
- Assess your support network of family and friends.
- Learn about community caregiving resources.
- Get organized – prioritize and make lists to establish daily, weekly, and monthly routines.
- Create a long-term caregiving plan.
- Don’t be afraid to ask for help or respite.
On your caregiving journey, remember to focus on the positive aspects of caregiving. These may include spending time with your loved one, connectedness or an improved relationship with your loved one, personal and spiritual growth, satisfaction from learning and doing a good job, and a heightened sense of value and self-esteem. Relishing the good times can help you through the difficult ones.
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Dr. Steve Keir is an associate professor at Duke University in Durham, NC, and works at The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center. He has studied and written about the stress experienced by brain tumor survivors and their caregivers.
November is National Family Caregivers month. Learn more at www.thefamilycaregiver.org/national_family_caregiver_month.
For additional resources for caregivers, click here.
This article was originally published in Coping® with Cancer magazine, November/December 2010.
viernes, 4 de febrero de 2011
El cuidado emocional ante la enfermedad oncológica
Bitácora Médica
Tu salud es nuestra misión
El cuidado emocional ante la enfermedad oncológica
Por Lic. Liana Pérez Rodríguez (*)
Asimismo, el mantenimiento de dicha calidad de vida apunta hacia el cuidado integral lo cual no sólo incluye aspectos médicos, sino también el apoyo emocional, recordando que la esencia del ser humano va más allá de la biología. El nuevo paradigma de atención integral incluye la promoción de educación ante la enfermedad, el fortalecimiento de los recursos de afrontamiento y las redes de apoyo social. El objetivo final de la intervención emocional es lograr incrementar la sensación de control, disminuyendo la incertidumbre y potenciando la autoeficacia del paciente y de sus cuidadores frente a esta situación crítica.
Durante cada una de las fases de la enfermedad existen retos propios que con la ayuda del apoyo psicológico es posible superar.
Es innegable que no podemos escapar del sufrimiento, pero sí podemos prepararnos para afrontarlo. Moos y Shaefer (1986) nos proponen algunas tareas que pueden favorecer la adaptación en situaciones de crisis vital:
- Establecer y comprender el significado de la situación real y sus consecuencias, lo que favorece la conciencia y el establecimiento de metas a corto plazo.
- Continuar el contacto con las redes de apoyo, entre ellos familiares, amigos, compañeros de trabajo. Evitando el aislamiento, la sensación de soledad y facilitando la posibilidad de delegar y pedir ayuda.
- Escuchar, entender y canalizar las propias emociones, con el fin de mantener la esperanza.
- Afrontar la realidad, respetando los miedos, preocupaciones y otras emociones. Lo cual ayudará a reconocer los motivos relacionados y trabajar en los mismos.
- Fortalecer la autoestima y la sensación de autovalía. Desarrollando nuevos valores, amistades, actividades y formas de ver la vida.
El apoyo psicológico es un recurso más en el cuidado integral tanto paciente como su familia, no es signo de debilidad, sino sinónimo de auto-reflexión, conciencia y flexibilidad.
Bibliografía:
- Moos, R. H. & Schaefer, J. A. (1986). Life transactions and crises: a conceptual overview. En: R. H. Moos (ed.). Coping with life crises: an integrated approach. Nueva York: Plenum Press.
- Flórez, J.A. La comunicación y compresión del enfermo oncológico. Manual de Psicooncología. Madrid: Aula Médica; 1999.
(*) Magister en Psicooncología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
jueves, 3 de febrero de 2011
The Resilient, Adaptable Human Spirit
The Resilient, Adaptable Human Spirit
The dictionary defines “resilience” as the ability to recover rapidly. Although you may not feel like you’ve actually recovered, you will somehow adapt to your changing circumstances. There is nothing like a serious illness or loss to change your “normal” life. In the middle of the chaos of appointments, procedures, and more appointments, you may feel out of control and helpless to establish a new routine. Little by little, you will find that a “new normal” evolves.
Gradually, your body and mind begin to adapt. Things that were significant before your diagnosis may no longer seem so important. If you used to push yourself to get everything done before allowing yourself to rest, then you might find that a new routine of a little work followed by a lot of rest works best for you now. Surgery and treatment can make dramatic physical changes to your body. But people who become disabled or disfigured due to an accident or illness do manage to carry on.
Tamara Barto
The human spirit is amazingly resilient. So many people have overcome extremely difficult circumstances to live a life full of purpose. You can and will carry on. Your body, by its very nature, is designed to repair itself and to heal. It takes time, but you will heal.
Embrace the life you are living and realize no one can live it exactly like you. Strive for wellness, no matter what form that takes, and give your spirit time to adapt to the new you.





